宁德蕉城区桉树速丰林高效经营策略探讨

分析了宁德市蕉城区桉树引种栽培现状、速丰林示范试验结果,并提出桉树速生丰产的高效经营策略。     

Variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent in BC1 and its relation to yield performance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) breeding for low-input conditions

In order to define the variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent [G(RP)] and its relation to yield, G(RP) of individual BC₁ plants of two sorghum populations composed of a high‐yielding cultivar as recurrent parent (RP) and a donor with superior drought resistance or grain quality, respectively, was estimated using AFLPs and SSRs. G(RP) in BC₁ ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 and averaged to 0.76 in the population (NP4453 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. G(RP) varied between 0.60 and 0.86 and averaged to 0.74 in the BC₁ of (ICV‐219 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. Results show that plants with a G(RP) equivalent to BC₂ (0.875) or BC₃ (0.938), respectively, can be selected from BC₁. Yield performance of BC₁S₁ families was tested in field trials carried out in South Africa. The correlation between yield and G(RP) in BC₁ was low. Selection according to G(RP) did not result in an effective preselection for yield.     

麦棉套种膜上灌溉节水增产机理研究

试验研究采用麦棉套膜上灌——土壤水分——作物——农田小气候理论体系，测定膜上灌灌水条件下的水流特征和土壤水分循环特点，麦棉共生期作物生育特性和农田小气候的相互关系。揭示出麦棉套膜上灌和棉花膜上灌分别节水２９％和４７％，小麦增产３．８％及棉花增产１１．８％的节水增产机理     

Excessive nitrogen application decreases grain yield and increases nitrogen loss in a wheat–soil system

Abstract

Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat fields has led to elevated NO₃-N concentrations in groundwater and reduced N use efficiency. Three-year field and ¹⁵N tracing experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates on N uptake from basal and topdressing ¹⁵N, N use efficiency, and grain yield in winter wheat plants; and determine the dynamics of N derived from both basal and topdressing ¹⁵N in soil in high-yielding fields. The results showed that 69.5–84.5% of N accumulated in wheat plants derived from soil, while 6.0–12.5%and 9.2–18.1% derived from basal ¹⁵N and top ¹⁵N fertilizer, respectively. The basal N fertilizer recovery averaged 33.9% in plants, residual averaged 59.2% in 0–200 cm depth soil; the topdressing N fertilizer recovery averaged 50.5% in plants, residual averaged 48.2% in 0–200 cm soil. More top ¹⁵N was accumulated in plants and more remained in 0–100 cm soil rather than in 100–200 cm soil at maturity, compared with the basal ¹⁵N. However, during the period from pre-sowing to pre-wintering, the soil nitrate moved down to deeper layers, and most accumulated in the layers below 140 cm. With an increase of N fertilizer rate, the proportion of the N derived from soil in plants decreased, but that derived from basal and topdressing fertilizer increased; the proportion of basal and top ¹⁵N recovery in plants decreased, and that of residual in soil increased. A moderate application rate of 96–168 kg N ha^?1 led to increases in nitrate content in 0–60 cm soil layer, N uptake amount, grain yield and apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N in wheat. Applying above 240 kg N ha^?1 promoted the downward movement of basal and top ¹⁵N and soil nitrate, but had no significant effect on N uptake amount; the excessive N application also obviously decreased the grain yield, N uptake efficiency, apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N, physiological efficiency and internal N use efficiency. It is suggested that the appropriate application rate of nitrogen on a high-yielding wheat field was 96–168 kg N ha^?1.     

泗棉3号的超高产栽培调控技术研究

本文围绕泗棉３号研究了因种高产栽培的调控技术。所获主要结果如下：泗棉３号在超高产水平下以较低的群体起点，配以科学的肥料运筹，能够调节棉株生理机能，改善叶层与叶角分布，增加光合能力，积累更多的干物质并以较大的比例分配到生殖器官中去，增加成铃数量。     

科技先行,探索创新,促进海南红毛丹产业发展

简介保亭红毛丹产业发展情况,分析红毛丹产业发展的制约因素,提出促进红毛丹产业发展的思路及今后工作的打算。     

Effect of levels and sources of nitrogen on concentration and uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding variety and a hybrid of rice

Field experiments were made on a sandy clay loam soil at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of levels and sources of nitrogen on concentration and uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding variety Pusa 834 and a hybrid PRH3 of rice. Nitrogen concentration in hybrid PRH 3 remained lower than in Pusa 834, but N uptake was significantly more in the hybrid PRH 3. Nitrogen fertilization increased N concentration as well as N uptake by rice. At 30 days after transplanting (DAT) N uptake was more in Pusa 834, but at 60 DAT and at harvest hybrid PRH 3 recorded significantly more N uptake than Pusa 834. Use of neem oil blended urea (PNGU) and neem coated urea (NCU) increased N concentration and uptake by rice in both Pusa 834 and hybrid PRH 3. Use of neem coated/blended urea is recommended for rice.     

双低杂交油菜新品种（组合）比较试验研究

从全国主要油菜育种单位引进11个优质双低杂交油菜组合,顺序排列,两次重复,鉴定其适应性、丰产性、稳产性和轻简(机播机收)高效栽培性状。结果表明:高产品种应筛选R0701,实收单产2 812.5 kg/hm2为最高,且抗倒、抗病虫、抗旱、抗渍,长势长相等综合性状较优;早熟品种应选择宁杂11号,该品种熟期较CK提前6 d,产量2 672.3 kg/hm2,在4个早熟品种中最高,且生育的一致性、抗逆性等综合性状均较好,成熟期集中,耐裂荚,株型适于机械收割,是当今轻简高效栽培的理想品种。     

青贮玉米的发展前景与栽培技术

青贮玉米是我市近年来新开发利用的种植与养殖业相结合的产业结构调整发展链 ,把两者有机地结合起来互促共同发展 ,是提高两个效益的基础 ,高产、优质、低耗栽培技术的推广普及是产业结构链发展的起点 ,高产栽培的配套技术是 :选用优良品种——白顶 ;合理密植 ( 6～ 7)× 1 0 4· hm- 2 ;肥料运筹科学合理 ,基肥∶苗肥∶穗肥∶粒肥 =3∶ 1∶ 5∶ 1     

冬小麦亩产700kg土壤肥力与群体发展动态指标的研究

通过对亩产700kg超高产麦田连续多年多点跟踪调查分析研究,得出了在青岛市气象和生产条件下,实现亩产700kg超高产栽培的土壤肥力指标为有机质1.4%以上,碱解氮90mg/kg以上,速效磷35mg/kg以上,速效钾100mg/kg以上;施肥指标为有机肥3000kg/667m2,纯N 20kg/667m2,P2O510kg/667m2,K2O 10kg/667m2左右。产量构成因素指标为穗数54.2万/667m2,穗粒数35.7粒,千粒重43g;群体动态指标为基本苗13.8×104/667m2,冬前总茎数75.1×104/667m2,春季最大分蘖107.5×104/667m2左右。